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Atlas / Public Law 119-101

The Act as a map.

Everything the law touches and how it connects: its own sections, the agencies that must implement it, the people who moved it, the programs it funds, and every date it sets. Written out as structure, so it can be read rather than watched.

  • 368entities
  • 597relationships
  • 17entity classes
  • 31sealed to the statute
Held and sealed

Graph hash be1a636c4ba51827dd9c354c. Read alongside the statute itself.

What everything hangs off

The most connected entities in the Act, by number of relationships. Where an entity is sealed, its statement is checked against the enrolled bill.

  1. 1

    21st Century ROAD to Housing Act Act

    H.R. 6644, the 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act, became law on July 11, 2026 without the President's signature, taking effect under the ten-day rule after presentment on June 29, 2026.

    114
  2. 2

    CDBG-DR Program

    HUD's own grant-history ledger totals $111,774,003,391 in cumulative CDBG-DR appropriated since fiscal year 1993, about $65 billion of it since 2016, concentrated in a handful of grantees.

    43
  3. 3

    HUD Agency

    37
  4. 4

    Senate Banking, Housing & Urban Affairs Committee

    32
  5. 5

    Sec. 1001 · Investor purchase ban Section

    The single-family purchase restriction on large institutional investors is administered by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with HUD, FHFA, and the SEC; HUD receives the penalty proceeds for homeownership-e

    30
  6. 6

    LIHTC Program

    The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit has produced roughly 3.65 million units through 2022 (about 3.9 million through 2024), and banks supply approximately 80% of LIHTC equity, so the public-welfare cap increase lands direct

    28
  7. 7

    Sec. 203 · Bank public-welfare cap Section

    The bank public-welfare investment cap (Community Investment and Prosperity Act) rises from 15% to 20% of capital and surplus for banks supervised by the OCC and the Federal Reserve, self-executing on enactment. More tha

    28
  8. 8

    Investor rule effective Gate

    The purchase restriction takes effect 180 days after enactment, approximately January 7, 2027, with civil penalties up to $1,000,000 per violation or three times the purchase price, whichever is greater. It auto-repeals

    22
  9. 9

    House Appropriations, T-HUD Committee

    The FY2027 Transportation-HUD bill (H.R. 9170) was approved by House Appropriations 34-27 on June 3, 2026 (~$92.2B bill, $80.1B HUD), but the Senate has produced no THUD bill and the government is operating under a conti

    17
  10. 10

    HOME Investment Partnerships Program

    16
  11. 11

    Sec. 504 · CDBG-DR Section

    CDBG-DR sits at Sec. 504, the Reforming Disaster Recovery Act, NOT Sec. 501 (Sec. 501 is the HOME Investment Partnerships reauthorization). Sec. 504 adds a new section 124 to the Housing and Community Development Act of

    16
  12. 12

    House Financial Services Committee

    14

Four ways in

The statute's own spine72Where the money goes69Who moves it164What is dated63

The statute's own spine72

Twelve titles and fifty-nine sections, named exactly as the Act names them. Parsed out of the enrolled bill's table of contents, not typed by hand.

Act1

Title12

Section59

Where the money goes69

Provisions to programs to the places they land. The route from an authorization to an administering body to a recipient.

Program30

State17

Bank11

  • Citi (Citigroup / Citi Community Capital)
    3 links Primary, cited

    Consistently ranked among the top U.S. affordable housing lenders for many consecutive years; provides affordable housing debt and some LIHTC equity through Citi Community Capital. PWI authority governed by the cap.

    source

  • KeyBank (KeyBank Community Development Lending and Investment)
    3 links Primary, cited

    Bank LIHTC investor and affordable housing lender through KeyBank CDLI; member of the Affordable Housing Tax Credit Coalition. PWI user affected by Sec. 203.

    source

  • Truist
    3 links Primary, cited

    Bank LIHTC investor and member of the Affordable Housing Tax Credit Coalition. PWI position affected by the Sec. 203 cap increase.

    source

  • Bank of America
    2 links Primary, cited

    Major bank LIHTC equity investor, direct and through syndicators, with sizable annual affordable housing commitments. PWI position subject to the Sec. 203 cap.

    source

  • JPMorgan Chase
    2 links Primary, cited

    Large bank affordable housing lender and LIHTC investor through its community development banking. PWI capacity affected by Sec. 203.

    source

  • PNC Bank (PNC Multifamily Capital)
    2 links Primary, cited

    Active LIHTC equity investor and syndicator through PNC Multifamily Capital. PWI book subject to the Sec. 203 cap.

    source

  • The Huntington National Bank
    2 links Primary, cited

    Bank LIHTC investor and member of the Affordable Housing Tax Credit Coalition. PWI user affected by the Sec. 203 cap lift.

    source

  • U.S. Bancorp (U.S. Bank / U.S. Bancorp Impact Finance)
    2 links Primary, cited

    One of the largest national LIHTC syndicators and equity investors, operating through U.S. Bancorp Impact Finance. Large CRA-driven bank LIHTC book affected by the PWI cap lift under Sec. 203.

    source

  • Wells Fargo
    2 links Primary, cited

    Major bank LIHTC equity investor, repeatedly ranked among the largest affordable housing investors nationally (9 percent and 4 percent credits). PWI user affected by the prior 15 percent cap.

    source

  • Fifth Third Bank
    1 links Primary, cited

    Bank LIHTC investor. PWI position governed by the Sec. 203 cap.

    source

  • Regions Bank
    1 links Primary, cited

    Bank LIHTC syndicator and investor. PWI book subject to Sec. 203.

    source

Investor11

Who moves it164

The people and institutions with a hand on the Act: sponsors, committees, the agencies that must implement it, and the organizations pushing on all of them.

Legislator60

Committee7

Agency25

Official12

  • Scott Turner
    2 links Primary, cited

    19th Secretary of HUD, confirmed early 2025; top HUD authority implementing the Act

    source

  • Andrew Hughes
    1 links Primary, cited

    HUD Deputy Secretary; former HUD Chief of Staff

    • deputy leads HUD

    source

  • Benjamin Hobbs
    1 links Primary, cited

    Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian Housing; leads PIH (public housing, HCV, RAD, MTW, tribal housing). NAME UNVERIFIED in this run

    source

  • Frank Cassidy
    1 links Primary, cited

    Assistant Secretary for Housing and Federal Housing Commissioner; leads Office of Housing and FHA. NAME UNVERIFIED in this run (drafter over-claimed verified)

    source

  • Jonathan V. Gould
    1 links Primary, cited

    32nd Comptroller of the Currency (confirmed July 2025); OCC supervises national banks under the Sec. 203 cap

    source

  • Joseph Gormley
    1 links Primary, cited

    Ginnie Mae leadership (COO / acting or confirmed president); associated with Ginnie Mae operations. Confirmation detail unverified in this run

    source

  • Kevin Warsh
    1 links Primary, cited

    Reported as Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (took office 2026-05-22 per drafter source); this appointment is post-January-2026 and not independently confirmed this pass

    source

  • Mary Jo Houton
    1 links Primary, cited

    Named as Administrator, Office of Manufactured Housing Programs in a 2026 Federal Register MHCC notice; would succeed Teresa Payne. NAME UNVERIFIED in this run, possible hallucination

    source

  • Paul S. Atkins
    1 links Primary, cited

    Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (sworn in April 2025); SEC is consulted on the Sec. 1001 investor rule

    source

  • Ronald Kurtz
    1 links Primary, cited

    Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and Development; leads CPD (CDBG, HOME, homelessness, disaster recovery grants). NAME UNVERIFIED in this run

    source

  • Scott Bessent
    1 links Primary, cited

    79th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (confirmed January 2025); leads Treasury on Sec. 1001 rulemaking and the disaster fund

    source

  • William (Bill) Pulte
    1 links Primary, cited

    Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (confirmed 2025); FHFA is consulted on the Sec. 1001 investor rule

    source

Organization48

Think tank12

What is dated63

Every gate the Act sets, plus the bills and trackers moving around it.

Gate14

  • Investor rule effective
    2027-01-07 22 links Held and sealed

    Statutory dated gate: investor restriction claimed to take effect roughly 180 days after enactment. 2026-07-11 plus 180 days lands on 2027-01-07 (arithmetic verified). Underlying 180-day provision not confirmed against bill text.

    The purchase restriction takes effect 180 days after enactment, approximately January 7, 2027, with civil penalties up to $1,000,000 per violation or three times the purchase price, whichever is greater. It auto-repeals 15 years out; existing holdings are grandfathered (no divestment) and build-to-rent is excepted. Sec. 1001

    4cc859276a12b235a1a3

    source

  • CDBG-DR proposed rule
    2027-01-11 binds 5 links Held and sealed

    Statutory dated gate: HUD CDBG-DR proposed rule claimed due roughly six months after enactment. 2026-07-11 plus 6 months is 2027-01-11 (arithmetic verified). Underlying six-month deadline not confirmed against bill text.

    CDBG-DR rulemaking carries two mandatory deadlines, both using SHALL: proposed rules not later than 6 months after enactment (about 2027-01-11) with a 90-day public comment period, and final regulations not later than 1 year after enactment (about 2027-07-11). The 90-day comment window is the influence window: it is the opportunity to shape the rule that every CDBG-DR grantee will then be audited against. Sec. 504(e)(1)-(2)

    a781963111fb13d82d79

    source

  • CDBG-DR final rule
    2027-07-11 binds 4 links Held and sealed

    Statutory dated gate: HUD CDBG-DR final rule claimed due roughly twelve months after enactment. 2026-07-11 plus 12 months is 2027-07-11 (arithmetic verified). Underlying twelve-month deadline not confirmed against bill text.

    CDBG-DR rulemaking carries two mandatory deadlines, both using SHALL: proposed rules not later than 6 months after enactment (about 2027-01-11) with a 90-day public comment period, and final regulations not later than 1 year after enactment (about 2027-07-11). The 90-day comment window is the influence window: it is the opportunity to shape the rule that every CDBG-DR grantee will then be audited against. Sec. 504(e)(1)-(2)

    a781963111fb13d82d79

    source

  • FY2027 appropriation
    4 links Held and sealed

    Annual appropriations chokepoint. The ROAD to Housing Act authorizes no new money, so its programs depend on this gate to be funded.

    The FY2027 Transportation-HUD bill (H.R. 9170) was approved by House Appropriations 34-27 on June 3, 2026 (~$92.2B bill, $80.1B HUD), but the Senate has produced no THUD bill and the government is operating under a continuing resolution (H.R. 9770) through December 4, 2026. No FY2027 appropriation funds the Innovation Fund. FY2027 appropriations

    555977ecdc808cd64fc3

    source

  • Supply-growth methodology posting
    binds 3 links Held and sealed

    A statutory 90-day early warning on the first Innovation Fund dollar.

    The statute requires HUD's housing-supply-growth methodology to be published in the Federal Register for public comment NOT LESS THAN 90 DAYS before any notice of funding opportunity is made available. That posting is therefore a statutory 90-day early warning on the first Innovation Fund money, and nothing has posted yet. This fact was removed from an earlier version of this ledger as unverifiable; the enrolled bill confirms it. Sec. 208(a)(2)(A)

    555a283539fb5c309143

  • First Innovation Fund dollar
    FY2028 (est.) 2 links Held and sealed

    The realistic earliest first dollar for the Innovation Fund is fiscal year 2028: no FY2027 appropriation exists, the House vehicle is stalled and the Senate silent, and even once funded HUD must design the program and run a competition cycle. This is a reasoned estimate from the appropriations calendar, not a published date. Sequence to first dollar

    acf51c28fa400c0abbbf

  • HUD unmet-needs formula notice
    2026-08-10 binds 2 links Held and sealed

    The nearest dated gate in the Act: 30 days after enactment. Not posted.

    The nearest dated gate in the entire Act is a mandatory Federal Register notice due NOT LATER THAN 30 DAYS after enactment, in which HUD must publish the latest formula allocation methodologies used to estimate unmet housing needs after a disaster. Enactment was 2026-07-11, so this is due about 2026-08-10. Verified 2026-07-23 against the Federal Register public API: HUD has published only two documents since enactment and neither implements this Act, so the notice has not posted. This is the first thing that will move, and it is mandatory, not discretionary. Sec. 504(d), new HCDA sec. 124(b)(4)(A)

    8fc97845aaed0d8e708e

  • Treasury investor rulemaking
    2 links Held and sealed

    MAY, not shall. The prohibition binds on 2027-01-07 whether or not a rule appears.

    Treasury MAY issue implementing regulations; it is discretionary, not mandatory. The prohibition takes effect 180 days after enactment regardless of whether any rule ever issues. Every commentary that assumes a Treasury rule is coming is reading in a duty the statute does not impose. Sec. 1001(d)(4)(A)

    913e6d53ee62cc0e4465

  • CBDC prohibition ceases
    2030-12-31 1 links Held and sealed

    The Act's clocks differ by provision and must not be blanket-labeled: the Innovation Fund (Sec. 208) terminates seven years after enactment; the CDBG-DR program added by Sec. 504 terminates three years after enactment; the institutional-investor restriction (Sec. 1001) auto-repeals fifteen years after its effective date; the Central Bank Digital Currency prohibition (Sec. 1101) ceases to be effective December 31, 2030. Sunset clocks (Sec. 208, 504, 1001, 1101)

    853fe6768c10ccd752a0

  • CDBG-DR program sunsets
    2029-07-11 1 links Held and sealed

    The Act's clocks differ by provision and must not be blanket-labeled: the Innovation Fund (Sec. 208) terminates seven years after enactment; the CDBG-DR program added by Sec. 504 terminates three years after enactment; the institutional-investor restriction (Sec. 1001) auto-repeals fifteen years after its effective date; the Central Bank Digital Currency prohibition (Sec. 1101) ceases to be effective December 31, 2030. Sunset clocks (Sec. 208, 504, 1001, 1101)

    853fe6768c10ccd752a0

  • First Federal Register notice
    1 links Held and sealed

    As of late July 2026, no Federal Register rule or notice implementing the Act has posted. The nearest housing rule (revising the manufactured-home definition, June 12, 2026) predates enactment. This confirmed silence is the capture signal: the clock has not visibly started, and the first posting is what we watch for. Implementation

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  • Grantee action plan, 90 days
    binds 1 links Held and sealed

    A recurring, per-disaster deliverable with a short fuse.

    Once HUD announces a grant allocation, the grantee has 90 days to submit an action plan for approval unless HUD grants an extension. That is a hard, recurring, per-disaster deliverable with a short fuse, and it is exactly the kind of work a grantee outsources. Sec. 504(d), new HCDA sec. 124(c)(1)

    4ac380d95c89d92c162e

  • Innovation Fund terminates
    2033-07-11 1 links Held and sealed

    The Act's clocks differ by provision and must not be blanket-labeled: the Innovation Fund (Sec. 208) terminates seven years after enactment; the CDBG-DR program added by Sec. 504 terminates three years after enactment; the institutional-investor restriction (Sec. 1001) auto-repeals fifteen years after its effective date; the Central Bank Digital Currency prohibition (Sec. 1101) ceases to be effective December 31, 2030. Sunset clocks (Sec. 208, 504, 1001, 1101)

    853fe6768c10ccd752a0

  • Investor ban auto-repeals
    2042-01-07 1 links Held and sealed

    The Act's clocks differ by provision and must not be blanket-labeled: the Innovation Fund (Sec. 208) terminates seven years after enactment; the CDBG-DR program added by Sec. 504 terminates three years after enactment; the institutional-investor restriction (Sec. 1001) auto-repeals fifteen years after its effective date; the Central Bank Digital Currency prohibition (Sec. 1101) ceases to be effective December 31, 2030. Sunset clocks (Sec. 208, 504, 1001, 1101)

    853fe6768c10ccd752a0

Related bill15

Tracker12

Source22

  • Federal Register (Jan 16, 2025) CDBG-DR Allocation Notice
    10 links Primary, cited

    HUD notice allocating roughly $12B for 2023/2024 disasters to a set of states and one territory; the per-grantee allocation table of record. Exact aggregate figures ($12,070,701,000 / $11,889,437,000) and citation 90 FR 4759 not independently confirmed.

    source

  • HUD documents on the Federal Register
    3 links Primary, cited

    Federal Register agency feed to watch for HUD CDBG-DR proposed and final rules under the Act. Feed URL is real and stable.

    source

  • CRS Report on Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR)
    2 links Primary, cited

    Congressional Research Service overview of CDBG-DR, its appropriations history, and the permanent-authorization debate (RDRA). CRS publishes on CDBG-DR; the specific report number R46475 was not independently confirmed this session.

    source

  • Executive Order 14376 (Treasury institutional-investor track)
    2 links Primary, cited

    Claimed pre-existing executive order directing a Treasury track on institutional investors in single-family housing. EO number and subject unconfirmed this session; kept only because an institutional-investor policy track is plausible.

    source

  • ResiClub / Parcl Labs institutional-landlord metro rankings
    2 links Primary, cited

    Primary data source for metro-level institutional SFR market share (Parcl Labs, reported via ResiClub Analytics).

    source

  • Treasury documents on the Federal Register
    2 links Primary, cited

    Federal Register agency feed to watch for any Treasury rule or notice under the Act's investor provision and the EO 14376 track. Feed URL is real and stable.

    source

  • Urban Institute, A Profile of Institutional Investor-Owned Single-Family Rental Properties (2023)
    2 links Primary, cited

    Primary source for mega-operator home counts by metro and metro-level concentration shares.

    source

  • CRS report: Institutional Investors and Single-Family Housing
    1 links Primary, cited

    Congressional Research Service brief on large institutional investors in single-family housing. Report catalog number R49015 not independently confirmed.

    source

  • CohnReznick 2024 LIHTC Equity Market Volume Survey
    1 links Primary, cited

    Industry survey of housing tax credit equity volume for fund and direct investments, with bank investors accounting for the large majority of total equity (CRA-driven).

    source

  • GAO report: Disaster Recovery, Use of HUD Block Grant Funds
    1 links Primary, cited

    GAO oversight of CDBG-DR flagging fraud risk, protracted rulemaking, inconsistent timeframes, and funding delays. Exact report number GAO-25-107603 not independently confirmed.

    source

  • GAO report: Institutional Investor Ownership of Single-Family Rental Homes
    1 links Primary, cited

    GAO report on investor SFR ownership trends; uses a 5,000-homes-in-5-plus-MSAs definition distinct from the Act's 350-home threshold. Exact catalog number and date not independently confirmed.

    source

  • H.R. 6644 legislative record (congress.gov)
    1 links Primary, cited

    Primary legislative record for the 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act, 119th Congress; carries the statutory deadline text that sets the dated gates. URL pattern valid; content not independently confirmed this session.

    source

  • HUD CDBG-DR Grant History
    1 links Primary, cited

    HUD running ledger of CDBG-DR grantees and allocations; drafter cited a Dec 1, 2025 version with total funds allocated of $111,774,003,391. Specific dated version and exact total not independently confirmed.

    source

  • House Financial Services Committee materials on the ROAD to Housing Act (House vehicle)
    1 links Primary, cited

    House committee source for the ROAD to Housing House vehicle and precedent narrative. The specific bill number H.R. 6644 asserted by the drafter could not be confirmed and has been removed from the label.

    source

  • NLIHC: HUD Allocates $12 Billion (Jan 2025)
    1 links Primary, cited

    Advocacy tracker summarizing the Jan 2025 roughly $12B CDBG-DR allocation and per-grantee amounts

    source

  • Nixon Peabody: Public welfare investment cap increased to 20 percent
    1 links Primary, cited

    Nixon Peabody alert stating many banks were nearing the 15 percent cap and the increase is expected to unlock additional capital for LIHTC, NMTC, and historic credits.

    source

  • Novogradac state LIHTC allocating agencies directory
    1 links Primary, cited

    Authoritative cross-reference list of each state's LIHTC allocating agency.

    source

  • Novogradac: House Passes Housing Act with PWI Cap Increase Included
    1 links Primary, cited

    Novogradac analysis explaining that the PWI aggregate cap rise from 15 to 20 percent increases bank investment demand for LIHTC and other community development tax incentives.

    source

  • OCC Common Part 24 Questions (Public Welfare Investments)
    1 links Primary, cited

    OCC guidance implementing the national-bank public welfare investment statute (12 CFR Part 24), including the 5 percent baseline and the aggregate cap that Sec. 203 raises to 20 percent of capital and surplus.

    source

  • Public Law 119-101 (govinfo)
    1 links Primary, cited

    Enacted public-law text (stated enacted 2026-07-11); authoritative anchor for effective dates and rulemaking deadlines. URL pattern valid; enactment and content not independently confirmed this session.

    source

  • Senate Banking Committee materials on the ROAD to Housing Act
    1 links Primary, cited

    Committee markup and press materials documenting the ROAD to Housing Act under Tim Scott; committee domain is real, specific documents not re-fetched this session.

    source

  • Congress.gov S. 2651 (ROAD to Housing Act)
    0 links Primary, cited

    Cited authoritative bill record for sponsor, cosponsors, and committee history. Bill number S. 2651 not independently confirmed.

    source

Two tiers on this map, and they are not the same

Held and sealed

31 entities

Entities carrying a sealed record are checked against the enrolled bill: statement, section, confidence tier and a SHA3-256 you can recompute.

Primary, cited

337 entities

Entities without one came from the research fan-out and are cross-verified single-source. They are shown with that status and are never presented as sealed.

Questions

What is an entity atlas?
A map of everything the Act touches and how those things connect: its own titles and sections, the agencies that must implement it, the legislators who moved it, the programs it funds, the organizations pushing on it, and the dates it sets. 368 entities joined by 597 relationships.
Why is this not an interactive network diagram?
Because a canvas of moving dots is invisible to a search crawler, unreadable with a screen reader, and gone entirely without JavaScript. The graph is the asset, not the animation. Every entity and every relationship is in this page as text, so it can be read, searched, linked, and cited.
Are all of these equally verified?
No, and the page marks the difference. Entities carrying a sealed record are checked against the enrolled bill and show their statement, section and hash. The rest came from the research fan-out and are cross-verified single-source. They are labelled as such and never presented as sealed.
What are the four lenses?
Four ways into the same map. The spine is the statute's own structure, title by title. The money follows provisions to programs to where they land. The actors are the people and institutions with a hand on it. The clock is everything with a date.

Your programs, mapped the same way.

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